Kufikira njira yochokera ku nthaka yolimbana ndi kusintha kwanyengo 

Kafukufuku watsopano adawunika momwe ma biomolecules ndi mchere wadongo amagwirira ntchito m'nthaka ndikuwunikira zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kutsekeka kwa kaboni wopangidwa ndi zomera m'nthaka. Iwo anapeza kuti mlandu biomolecules ndi dongo mchere, kapangidwe ka biomolecules, zigawo zachilengedwe zitsulo m'nthaka ndi pairing pakati biomolecules ndi udindo waukulu sequestration wa mpweya m'nthaka. Ngakhale kukhalapo kwa ayoni achitsulo opangidwa bwino m'nthaka kumakonda kukopera mpweya, kuphatikizika kwa electrostatic pakati pa ma biomolecules kunalepheretsa kutengera kwa ma biomolecules ku mchere wadongo. Zomwe zapezazi zitha kukhala zothandiza poneneratu zamankhwala am'nthaka omwe ali othandiza kwambiri kutchera mpweya m'nthaka zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa njira zopangira njira zochepetsera mpweya wa mpweya mumlengalenga komanso kutentha kwapadziko lonse lapansi. kusintha kwa nyengo.   

Kuzungulira kwa kaboni kumaphatikizapo kusuntha kwa carbon kuchokera mumlengalenga kupita ku zomera ndi zinyama pa Dziko Lapansi ndi kubwerera mumlengalenga. M'nyanja, mlengalenga ndi zamoyo ndizo nkhokwe zazikulu zomwe zimadutsamo mpweya. Zambiri kaboni imasungidwa/kutengedwa m’miyala, m’nthambi ndi m’nthaka. Zamoyo zakufa zomwe zili m'miyala ndi m'matope zimatha kukhala zopangira mafuta kwazaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Kuwotcha kwamafuta opangira zinthu zakale kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamphamvu kumatulutsa mpweya wambiri mumlengalenga womwe wapangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino wa mumlengalenga ukhale wabwino komanso kutentha kwapadziko lonse lapansi. kusintha kwa nyengo.  

Kuyesayesa kukuchitika kuti kutentha kwa dziko kukhale 1.5 ° C poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mafakitale asanakwane pofika chaka cha 2050. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dziko kufika pa 1.5 ° C, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha uyenera kukwera kwambiri chisanafike chaka cha 2025 ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi theka pofika chaka cha 2030. Komabe, chiwerengero chaposachedwapa padziko lonse inavumbula kuti dziko silingathe kuchepetsa kutentha kufika pa 1.5°C pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino. Kusinthaku sikuli kofulumira kuti tikwaniritse kuchepetsedwa kwa 43% kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha pofika chaka cha 2030 zomwe zitha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dziko mkati mwa zolinga zomwe zilipo. 

Ndi mu nkhani iyi kuti udindo wa nthaka organic carbon (SOC) mu kusintha kwa nyengo ikukula kukhala kofunika monga gwero la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko komanso kuzama kwachilengedwe kwa mpweya wa mumlengalenga.  

Mbiri yakale ya carbon (mwachitsanzo, kutuluka kwa matani 1,000 biliyoni a carbon kuyambira 1750 pamene kusintha kwa mafakitale kunayamba) ngakhale, kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa kutentha kwapadziko lonse kumatha kutulutsa mpweya wochuluka kuchokera ku dothi la mumlengalenga kotero ndikofunikira kuteteza zomwe zilipo. nthaka carbon stocks.   

Nthaka ngati lakuya organic kaboni 

Dothi likadali lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi (pambuyo pa nyanja) kumira organic kaboni. Imakhala ndi matani pafupifupi 2,500 biliyoni a carbon omwe ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kakhumi kuchuluka kwa mlengalenga, komabe ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kotengera mpweya wa mumlengalenga. Zokolola zitha kutsekera pakati pa 0.90 ndi 1.85 petagrams (1 Pg = 10¹⁵ magalamu) a kaboni (Pg C) pachaka, omwe ndi pafupifupi 26-53% ya cholinga cha "4 pa 1000 Initiative” (ndiko kuti, 0.4% ya kukula kwapachaka kwa nthaka yomwe ili padziko lonse lapansi organic Ma carbon stocks amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon mumlengalenga ndikuthandizira kukwaniritsa nyengo cholinga). Komabe, kugwirizana kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kugwidwa kwa zomera organic nkhani m'nthaka si bwino kwambiri. 

Zomwe zimakhudza kutseka kwa carbon m'nthaka  

Kafukufuku watsopano akuwunikira zomwe zimatsimikizira ngati chomera chochokera ku mbewu organic Nkhani idzatsekeredwa ikalowa m'nthaka kapena idzatha kudyetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikubwezeretsa mpweya mumlengalenga ngati CO.₂. Kutsatira kuwunika kwa kuyanjana pakati pa ma biomolecules ndi mchere wadongo, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti ndalama zama biomolecules ndi mchere wadongo, kapangidwe ka ma biomolecules, zitsulo zachilengedwe m'nthaka komanso kuphatikizika pakati pa ma biomolecules zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa mpweya m'nthaka.  

Kuwunika kwa kuyanjana pakati pa mchere wadothi ndi ma biomolecules pawokha kunawonetsa kuti kumangako kunali kotheka. Popeza mchere wa dongo umakhala woyipa, ma biomolecules okhala ndi zigawo zabwino (lysine, histidine ndi threonine) adakumana ndi zomangira zamphamvu. Kumangiriza kumakhudzidwanso ndi ngati biomolecule imasinthasintha mokwanira kuti igwirizane ndi zigawo zake zabwino zomwe zili ndi mchere wadothi woipa.  

Kuwonjezera pa electrostatic charge and structural features of the biomolecules , zitsulo zachilengedwe m'nthaka anapezeka ndi mbali yofunika kumanga mwa mlatho mapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, magnesiamu ndi kashiamu wopangidwa bwino, adapanga mlatho pakati pa ma biomolecules oipitsidwa ndi dongo kuti apange mgwirizano wosonyeza kuti zitsulo zachilengedwe m'nthaka zitha kupangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale m'nthaka.  

Kumbali inayi, kukopeka kwa electrostatic pakati pa ma biomolecules omwe adakhudza kwambiri kumangirirako. M'malo mwake, mphamvu yokopa pakati pa ma biomolecules idapezeka kuti ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yakukopa kwa biomolecule ku mchere wadongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuchepa kwa ma biomolecules ku dongo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa ayoni achitsulo opangidwa bwino m'nthaka kumakonda kukopera mpweya, kuphatikizika kwa electrostatic pakati pa ma biomolecules kunalepheretsa kutengera kwa ma biomolecules kupita ku mchere wadongo.  

Izi zatsopano za momwe organic carbon biomolecules kumangiriza dongo mchere mu nthaka angathandize kusintha nthaka chemistry moyenerera kukomera mpweya tcheru, motero njira yothetsera nthaka yochokera kwa nthaka. kusintha kwa nyengo. 

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Zothandizira:  

1. Zomer, RJ, Bossio, DA, Sommer, R. et al. Kuthekera Kwapadziko Lonse Kuchulukitsa Kaboni Wachilengedwe Mu Dothi La Cropland. Sci Rep 7, 15554 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15794-8 

2. Rumpel, C., Amiraslani, F., Chenu, C. et al. 4p1000 Initiative: Mwayi, zolephera ndi zovuta pakukhazikitsa nthaka ya carbon organic sequestration ngati njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko. Ambio 49, 350-360 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01165-2  

3. Wang J., Wilson RS, ndi Aristilde L., 2024. Electrostatic coupling and water bridging in adsorption hierarchy of biomolecules at water-clay interfaces. PNAS. 8 February 2024.121 (7) e2316569121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2316569121  

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