Kwa nthawi yoyamba ma nanorobots adapangidwa omwe amatha kupereka mankhwala molunjika m'maso popanda kuwononga.
Nanorobot teknoloji ndi njira yaposachedwa pakati pa asayansi pochiza angapo matenda. Nanorobots (yomwe imatchedwanso nanobots) ndi zida zazing'ono zopangidwa kuchokera ku nanoscale components ndipo ndi zazikulu 0.1-10 micrometres. Nanorobots ali ndi kuthekera kopereka mankhwala mu anthu thupi m'njira yolunjika komanso yolondola. Nanorobots amapangidwa kapena kupangidwa mwanjira yoti 'amakopeka' ndi maselo odwala okha ndipo motero amatha kupanga chithandizo cholunjika kapena chachindunji m'maselo amenewo popanda kuwononga thanzi. maselo. Nthawi zambiri, ambiri matenda amenewa chandamale mankhwala Kubereka sikungakhale kofunikira kwenikweni, komabe ku matenda ovuta monga shuga kapena khansa kungakhale kopindulitsa kwambiri.
Matenda a retinal a diso
Chithandizo cha diso Matenda nthawi zambiri amathandizira kuchepetsa kutupa m'maso, kukonza zovulala zowopsa komanso kuteteza kapena kuwongolera maso. Retina yathanzi - minofu yopyapyala kumbuyo kwa diso - ndiyofunikira kuti muwone bwino. Retina yathu imakhala ndi mamiliyoni ambiri a maselo osamva kuwala (otchedwa ndodo ndi ma cones) ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha / maselo omwe amalola kuwala komwe kumalowa m'maso kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi kuti zifike ku ubongo. Umu ndi momwe chidziwitso chowonekera chimalandirira ndikusinthidwa ndi diso lathu ndikutumizidwa ku ubongo kudzera mu mitsempha ya optic. Njira yonse imathandizira masomphenya ndikuwongolera momwe timawonera zithunzi. Matenda a retina amakhudza mbali iliyonse ya retina. Pali mitundu yochepa ya chithandizo cha matenda ena a retinal, koma ndizovuta kwambiri. Cholinga cha chithandizo chilichonse ndikuyimitsa kapena kuchepetsa diso matenda ndi kuteteza masomphenya (kusunga, kukonza kapena kubwezeretsa). Ndikofunikira kuzindikira zovuta za retina msanga chifukwa kuwonongeka sikungasinthe. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, matenda ena a retina angayambitse masomphenya kapena khungu.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza matenda omwe amakhudza retina chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuperekera mankhwala omwe akuwunikiridwa kudzera mu minofu yowundana yomwe ili m'maso. Ngakhale minyewa yamaso nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi madzi koma imakhala ndi mpira wamaso wowoneka bwino komanso mamolekyu ambiri (hyaluronan ndi kolajeni) omwe sangathe kulowamo mosavuta ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono popeza zonsezi ndi zotchinga zamphamvu kwambiri. Pamafunika kulondola kwambiri kuti pakhale mankhwala omwe akuperekedwa m'maso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mankhwala m'maso zimadalira kwambiri kufalikira kwa mamolekyu mwachisawawa ndipo njirazi sizoyenera kuperekera mankhwala kuseri kwa diso.
Nanorobots kuchitira matenda retinal
Ofufuza a Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems ku Stuttgart pamodzi ndi gulu apanga ma nanorobots ('magalimoto') omwe amatha kudutsa m'maso owundana kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ma nanorobotswa adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira vacuum momwe ma nanoparticles opangidwa ndi silika adapangidwa pamtengo wophatikizika womwe amayikidwa mkati mwa chipinda chopumulira pa ngodya inayake ndikuyika zinthu za silika ngati chitsulo kapena faifi tambala. Mthunzi wopangidwa ndi ngodya yozama imawonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zimangoyika pa nanoparticles zomwe zimatengera mawonekedwe a helical propeller. Ma nanorobots awa ndi pafupifupi 500nm m'lifupi ndi 2 μm m'litali, maginito m'chilengedwe komanso owoneka ngati ma propeller ang'onoang'ono. Kukula kumeneku n’kocheperapo nthawi 200 kuposa kukula kwa chingwe chimodzi cha tsitsi la munthu. The nanorobots ndiye wokutidwa ndi sanali ndodo bio madzi wosanjikiza panja kuti aletse kumamatira kulikonse pakati nanorobot ndi biological mapuloteni network mu diso minofu pamene nanorobots kuyenda modutsamo. Kukula koyenera kwa ma nanorobots kumapangitsa kuti azitha kudutsa mumtambo wa biological polymeric network popanda kuwononga minofu yamaso. Ma nanorobots odabwitsawa amatha kunyamulidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ndipo amatha kuyenda masentimita ndi masentimita ndikulunjika kudera linalake m'maso pogwiritsa ntchito maginito munthawi yeniyeni.
Asayansi anabaya masauzande a ma nanorobots m'diso la nkhumba pogwiritsa ntchito singano ndikugwiritsa ntchito maginito moyenerera kuti asunthire nanorobots kupita ku retina ya diso mu nthawi yonse ya mphindi 30 kuyambira jekeseni. Nthawi zonse ankayang'anitsitsa njira yomwe nanorobot amagwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yojambula yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza matenda a maso. Njira imeneyi ndi yapadera komanso yosokoneza pang'ono. Ngakhale zawonetsedwa mpaka pano kokha m'machitidwe achitsanzo kapena madzi. Asayansi akuyembekeza kuti posachedwa njirayi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula ma nanorobots ndi mankhwala oyenera ndipo adzafika kumagulu ena ofewa ofewa m'zigawo zosafikirika za thupi la munthu. Munda wa nanomedicine - kugwiritsa ntchito nanorobots pochiza - wakhala akukhudzidwa kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zapitazi ndipo mitundu yambiri ya nanorobots ikupangidwa, ena akugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira 3D. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pafupifupi ma nanorobots biliyoni amatha kupangidwa m'maola ochepa potulutsa silicon dioxide ndi zinthu zina monga chitsulo pamiyala ya silico pansi pavuyu lalitali.
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Kasupe (s)
Zhiguang W et al. 2018. Gulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timalowa mu thupi la vitreous la diso. Kusintha kwa Sayansi. 4 (11). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat4388
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