Kafukufuku wanyama amafotokoza gawo la mapuloteni a URI pakusinthika kwa minofu pambuyo pokumana ndi ma radiation ochulukirapo kuchokera ku radiation therapy.
Radiation Therapy kapena Radiotherapy ndi njira yothandiza kupha khansa m'thupi ndipo ndiyomwe imayambitsa kupulumuka kwa khansa mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Komabe, chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za radiotherapy yayikulu ndikuti imawononga nthawi imodzi maselo athanzi m'thupi - makamaka ma cell amatumbo athanzi - mwa odwala omwe akulandira chithandizo cha chiwindi, kapamba, prostrate kapena khansa ya m'matumbo. Kawopsedwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu kumeneku komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma ionizing radiation nthawi zambiri kumasinthidwa pambuyo pomaliza chithandizo cha radiotherapy, komabe, mwa odwala ambiri kumabweretsa zovuta monga matenda akupha otchedwa gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS). Matendawa amatha kupha maselo am'mimba, motero amawononga matumbo ndikupangitsa kuti wodwalayo afe. Palibe mankhwala omwe alipo a GIS kupatulapo kuchepetsa zizindikiro zake monga nseru, kutsegula m'mimba, kutuluka magazi, kusanza ndi zina.
Mu kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa pa May 31 mu Science ofufuza ankafuna kuti amvetsetse zochitika ndi machitidwe a GIS pambuyo powonekera kwa ma radiation mu chitsanzo cha nyama (pano, mbewa) kuti azindikire zizindikiro za biomarkers zomwe zingathe kuneneratu kuchuluka kwa m'mimba kawopsedwe nyamayo ikakumana ndi cheza choopsa. Iwo adayang'ana kwambiri pa ntchito ya molecular chaperone protein yotchedwa URI (unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor), yomwe ntchito yake yeniyeni sikudziwika bwino. M'mbuyomu mu m'galasi Kuphunzira ndi gulu lomwelo, milingo yayikulu ya URI idawonedwa kuti imapereka chitetezo ku maselo am'mimba kuchokera ku kuwonongeka kwa DNA komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsa ma radiation. Mu phunziro lapano lomwe lachitika mu vivo, mitundu itatu ya mbewa zamtundu wa GIS zidapangidwa. Mtundu woyamba unali ndi kuchuluka kwa URI komwe kumawonetsedwa m'matumbo. Mu yachiwiri chitsanzo URI jini mu epithelium matumbo anali zichotsedwa ndipo lachitatu chitsanzo anaikidwa monga ulamuliro. Magulu onse atatu a mbewa adakumana ndi ma radiation opitilira 10 Gy. Kuwunika kunawonetsa kuti mpaka 70 peresenti ya mbewa zomwe zinali mgulu lolamulira zidafa chifukwa cha GIS ndipo mbewa zonse zomwe zidachotsedwa puloteni ya URI zidamwaliranso. Koma mbewa zonse zomwe zinali m'gululo zomwe zinali ndi URI wochuluka adapulumuka chifukwa cha cheza chapamwamba.
URI protein ikawonetsedwa kwambiri, imalepheretsa β-catenin yomwe ndiyofunikira minofu/ kusinthika kwa chiwalo pambuyo pa kuyatsa ndipo motero maselo samachulukana. Popeza kuwonongeka kwa ma radiation kumangochitika pama cell omwe akuchulukirachulukira, palibe chomwe chikuwoneka pama cell. Kumbali ina, mapuloteni a URI akapanda kufotokozedwa, kuchepa kwa URI kumayambitsa β-catenin-induced c-MYC expression (oncogene) yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa ma cell ndikuwonjezera mwayi wawo wowonongeka ndi ma radiation. Chifukwa chake, URI imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza kusinthika kwa minofu poyankha kuyatsa kwa mlingo waukulu.
Kumvetsetsa kwatsopano kumeneku kwa njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kusinthika kwa minofu pambuyo pa kuyatsa kumatha kuthandizira kupanga njira zatsopano zopezera chitetezo ku radiation yayikulu pambuyo pa radiotherapy. Kafukufukuyu ali ndi tanthauzo kwa odwala khansa, omwe akhudzidwa ndi ngozi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zomera za nyukiliya ndi astronaut.
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Kasupe (s)
Chaves-Pérez A. et al. 2019. URI imafunika kusunga mapangidwe a matumbo panthawi ya ionizing radiation. Sayansi. 364 (6443). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq1165
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