Matenda a henipavirus, Hendra virus (HeV) ndi Nipah virus (NiV) amadziwika kuti amayambitsa matenda oopsa mwa anthu. Mu 2022, Langya henipavirus (LayV), buku la henipavirus linadziwika mu Eastern China mwa odwala malungo omwe amadziwika mbiri yaposachedwapa yokhudzana ndi zinyama. Pakafukufuku waposachedwa, ofufuza anena za kupezeka koyamba kwa ma virus awiri a henipavirus kuchokera ku impso za mileme yomwe imakhala m'munda wa zipatso pafupi ndi midzi ya m'chigawo cha Yunnan ku China. Ma henipavirus awiri omwe angotuluka kumene ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri ya phylogenetically ndipo amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma virus akupha a Hendra ndi Nipah. Izi zimadzetsa nkhawa za chiwopsezo chomwe chingathe kuphulika chifukwa mileme ya zipatso (Pteropus) ndi ma virus a henipa omwe nthawi zambiri amapatsira anthu ndi ziweto kudzera m'zakudya zomwe zili ndi mkodzo wa mileme kapena malovu.
Kachilombo ka Hendra (HeV) ndi kachilombo ka Nipah (NiV) amtundu wa Henipavirus wa Paramyxoviridae family of viruses ndizovuta kwambiri. Ma genome awo amakhala ndi RNA yokhala ndi chingwe chimodzi chozunguliridwa ndi envelopu ya lipid. Onse atulukira posachedwapa. Kachilombo ka Hendra (HeV) kanadziwika koyamba mu 1994-95 chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa chigawo cha Hendra ku Brisbane, Australia pamene akavalo ambiri ndi ophunzitsa awo adatenga kachilombo ndikugonjetsedwa ndi matenda a m'mapapo ndi kutuluka kwa magazi. Nipah virus (NiV) idadziwika koyamba zaka zingapo pambuyo pake mu 1998 ku Nipah, Malaysia kutsatira kufalikira kwawoko. Kuyambira pamenepo, pakhala pali milandu ingapo ya NiV padziko lonse lapansi m'maiko osiyanasiyana makamaka ku Malaysia, Bangladesh, ndi India. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi kufa kwakukulu pakati pa anthu ndi ziweto. Mileme ya zipatso (Pteropus mitundu) ndi malo awo osungirako zinyama. Kupatsirana kumachitika kuchokera kwa mileme kudzera m'malovu, mkodzo, ndi zimbudzi kupita kwa anthu. Nkhumba ndizomwe zimalandila Nipah pomwe akavalo ndi omwe amalandila HeV ndi NiV.
Mwa anthu, matenda a HeV amawonetsa zizindikiro ngati chimfine asanafike ku encephalitis yakupha pomwe matenda a NiV nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati matenda amisempha komanso matenda owopsa a encephalitis komanso, nthawi zina, matenda opuma. Kupatsirana kwa munthu ndi munthu kumachitika kumapeto kwa matenda.
Henipaviruses ndi ma virus a zoonotic omwe akutuluka mwachangu. Mu June 2022, kachilombo ka Angavokely (AngV) adadziwika mu zitsanzo za mkodzo kuchokera ku mileme zakutchire zaku Madagascar. Pambuyo pake, Langya henipavirus (LayV) adadziwika kuchokera kukhosi kwa odwala omwe anali ndi malungo panthawi yoyang'aniridwa ndi alonda ku China Ogasiti 2022.
Mu kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa 24 June 2025, ofufuza apeza ma virus a henipavirus atsopano, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi mileme ndipo ali ndi ubale wapamtima wakupha wa Hendra virus (HeV) ndi Nipah virus (NiV). Popeza mileme ndi nkhokwe zachilengedwe zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo impso zimatha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ofufuza mu kafukufukuyu, mosiyana ndi maphunziro ambiri am'mbuyomu omwe adayang'ana zitsanzo za ndowe, adasanthula zitsanzo za impso za ma virus, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina. Minofu ya impso yofufuzidwa idatengedwa kuchokera ku mileme 142 ya mitundu khumi ya mileme kuchokera kumalo asanu m'chigawo cha Yunnan ku China. Kufufuza kwa matenda onse a impso ya mileme kunawonetsa kukhalapo kwa tizilombo tambirimbiri tophatikizirapo ma virus 20 atsopano. Awiri mwa mavairasi atsopanowa anali a henipaviruses ndipo anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi ma virus akupha a Hendra ndi Nipah. Zitsanzo za impso zomwe zinali ndi ma virus awiri atsopanowa anali a mileme yomwe imakhala m'munda wa zipatso pafupi ndi midzi. Izi zimadzetsa nkhawa za chiwopsezo chomwe chingathe kuphulika chifukwa mileme ya zipatso (Pteropus) ndi ma virus a henipa omwe nthawi zambiri amapatsira anthu ndi ziweto kudzera m'zakudya zomwe zili ndi mkodzo wa mileme kapena malovu.
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Zothandizira:
- Kuang G., et al 2025. Kusanthula kwa matenda a impso za mileme kuchokera kuchigawo cha Yunnan, China, kukuwonetsa ma virus a henipa okhudzana ndi ma virus a Hendra ndi Nipah komanso mabakiteriya ndi ma eukaryotic microbes. PLOS Pathogen. Lofalitsidwa: 24 June 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013235
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Nkhani zowonjezera:
- Kachilombo ka Novel Langya (LayV) kodziwika ku China (10 August 2022)
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 and Nipah virus (NiV) are known to cause fatal diseases in humans. In 2022, Langya henipavirus (LayV), a novel henipavirus was identified in Eastern China in febrile patients with known recent history of exposure to animals. In a recent study, researchers report the first detection of two novel henipaviruses from kidneys of bats inhabiting orchard near villages in Yunnan province of China. The two newly emerged henipaviruses are phylogenetically distinct strains and are closely related to lethal Hendra and Nipah viruses. This raises concern about potential spillover risk since fruit bats (Pteropus) are natural hosts of henipaviruses which are usually transmitted to humans and livestock through food contaminated with bat urine or saliva.){kind=link}