Kafukufuku wochita bwino wawonetsa njira yakutsogolo yopangira mankhwala/mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsatirapo zochepa zosafunika kuposa masiku ano.
Mankhwala masiku ano amachokera ku magwero osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zoyipa mu mankhwala ndi vuto lalikulu. Zotsatira zosafunikira zamankhwala zomwe zimakhala zosowa kapena zofala zimakwiyitsa ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri. Mankhwala omwe alibe kapena zocheperapo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri ndipo amalembedwa kuti ndi otetezeka kwambiri. Mankhwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zoyipa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati palibe njira ina iliyonse yomwe ingatheke ndipo pangafunike kuyang'aniridwa. Momwemonso, mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsatira zochepera kapena osafunikira azikhala othandiza zamankhwala chithandizo. Ndi cholinga chachikulu komanso chovuta ochita kafukufuku padziko lonse lapansi kuti apange mankhwala atsopano omwe alibe zotsatira zoyipa.
Thupi la munthu ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri lopangidwa kuchokera ku mankhwala omwe amafunika kuwongolera kuti dongosolo lathu liziyenda bwino. Mankhwala ambiri amakhala ndi mankhwala osakanikirana opangidwa ndi mamolekyu. Mamolekyu ofunikira amatchedwa "chiral molecules" kapena enantiomers. Mamolekyu a Chiral amawoneka ofanana ndipo amakhala ndi ma atomu ofanana. Koma mwaukadaulo ndi “zithunzi zagalasi” za wina ndi mzake mwachitsanzo theka limodzi ndi lamanzere ndipo theka linalo ndi lamanja. Kusiyana kumeneku mu "m'manja" kwawo kumawatsogolera kupanga zosiyana zamoyo. Kusiyana kumeneku kwaphunziridwa bwino ndipo zanenedwa kuti mamolekyu olondola a chiral ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa mankhwala/mankhwala kuti apange zotsatira zolondola, apo ayi mamolekyu "olakwika" a chiral amatha kubweretsa zotsatira zosafunikira. Kupatukana kwa mamolekyu a chiral ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mankhwala chitetezo. Izi ngati sizophweka, ndizokwera mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira njira yosinthira makonda amtundu uliwonse. Njira yolekanitsa yotsika mtengo siinapangidwe mpaka pano. Chifukwa chake, tidakali kutali ndi nthawi yomwe mankhwala onse pa alumali pa pharmacy sadzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake.
Kuyang'ana chifukwa chake mankhwala amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa
Mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa wofalitsidwa mu Science, ofufuza ochokera ku Hebrew University of Jerusalem ndi Weizmann Institute of Science apeza njira yofananira yosakhala yeniyeni imene kulekanitsa mamolekyu a chiral kumanzere ndi kumanja mu mankhwala kungapezeke mosavuta m’njira yotsika mtengo.1. Ntchito yawo imamveka ngati pragmatic kwambiri komanso yosavuta. Njira yomwe adapanga idatengera maginito. Mamolekyu a chiral amalumikizana ndi gawo lapansi la maginito ndikusonkhanitsidwa molingana ndi momwe ma "handedness" awo, mwachitsanzo, mamolekyu a "kumanzere" amalumikizana ndi mtengo wina wa maginito, pomwe mamolekyu "amanja" amalumikizana ndi mtengo wina. Tekinolojeyi imamveka yomveka ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi opanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala kuti asunge mamolekyu abwino (kaya kumanzere kapena kumanja) mu mankhwala ndikuchotsa zoipa zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira zovulaza kapena zosafunika.
Kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala ndi zina
Kafukufukuyu atenga gawo lalikulu popanga mankhwala abwino komanso otetezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolekanitsa yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo. Mankhwala ena odziwika masiku ano amagulitsidwa m'mitundu yawo ya chirally-pure (mwachitsanzo mawonekedwe olekanitsidwa) koma chiwerengerochi chikuyimira pafupifupi 13% ya mankhwala onse omwe amapezeka pamsika. Choncho, kulekana kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi akuluakulu oyang'anira mankhwala. Malangizo owunikiridwanso ayenera kukwaniritsidwa ndi makampani opanga mankhwala kuti aphatikizire izi ndikupanga mankhwala omwe ali otetezeka komanso odalirika. Kafukufukuyu atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazakudya, zopatsa thanzi ndi zina zambiri ndipo atha kukweza zakudya zabwino ndikuthandizira kukonza miyoyo. Kafukufukuyu ndiwofunikanso kwambiri pamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi - mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza - chifukwa mankhwala olekanitsa agrochemicals amachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mbewu. environment ndipo zidzathandiza kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri.
Kafukufuku wachiwiri wochitidwa ndi ofufuza a ku Australian National University awonetsa momwe kumvetsetsa tsatanetsatane wa mamolekyu a momwe mankhwala kapena mankhwala amagwirira ntchito kungatithandizire kupeza njira yochepetsera zovuta zoyipa mwa iwo.2. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kafukufuku wamagulu a maselo adachitidwa kuti ayang'ane zofanana pakati pa mankhwala asanu ndi limodzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa ululu, mankhwala oletsa mano komanso kuchiza khunyu. Ofufuza adagwiritsa ntchito zofananira zazikulu komanso zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta akuluakulu kuti apange chithunzi cha momwe mankhwalawa amachitira. Iwo anajambulapo zambiri za mmene mankhwalaŵa angakhudzire mbali ina ya thupi ndipo mosayembekezera angayambitse mbali ina ya thupi. Kumvetsetsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mamolekyu kumatha kutsogolera m'maphunziro onse opezeka ndi kupanga mankhwala.
Kodi maphunzirowa akutanthauza kuti pakhala tsiku posachedwa pomwe mankhwala sadzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake kaya zofatsa kapena zowopsa? Thupi lathu ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri ndipo njira zambiri m'thupi lathu zimalumikizana wina ndi mzake. Maphunzirowa abweretsa chiyembekezo chodalirika chamankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe adzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zochepa komanso zofatsa komanso zomveka bwino.
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Kasupe (s)
1. Banerjee-Ghosh K et al 2018. Kupatukana kwa enantiomers mwa kuyanjana kwawo kwa enantiospecific ndi ma substrates achiral magnetic. Science. gawo 4265. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4265
2. Buyan A et al. 2018. Protonation state of inhibitors imatsimikizira malo ochezera mkati mwa njira za sodium voltage-gated. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (14). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714131115
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