Scientific kafukufuku watsimikizira kuti agalu ndi anthu achifundo amene amagonjetsa zopinga kuthandiza awo anthu eni.
anthu akhala akuweta agalu kwa zaka zikwizikwi ndipo kugwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi agalu awo oweta ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha unansi wolimba ndi wotengeka maganizo. Eni agalu onyada padziko lonse lapansi akhala akumva ndipo nthawi zambiri amakambitsirana ndi anzawo komanso abale awo nthawi ina za momwe amamvera komanso kumva kuti canine mabwenzi amadzazidwa ndi chifundo ndi chifundo makamaka pa nthawi pamene eni ake iwo eni okhumudwa ndi okhumudwa. Agalu amadziwika kuti samakonda eni ake okha, koma agalu amawonanso anthuwa ngati banja lawo lachikondi lomwe limawapatsa pogona ndi chitetezo. Agalu akhala akutchulidwa kuti 'bwenzi lapamtima la Munthu' kuyambira kalekale. Nkhani zoterezi zokhudza kukhulupirika, chikondi ndi kugwirizana kwa galu ndi anthu zafala m’njira iliyonse, kaya ndi mabuku, ndakatulo kapena mafilimu. Ngakhale kumvetsetsa kwakukuluku kokhudza ubale wabwino pakati pa munthu ndi galu wake woweta, maphunziro asayansi okhala ndi zotulukapo zosiyanasiyana apangidwa mderali mpaka pano.
Agalu ndi zolengedwa zachifundo
Ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya John Hopkins awonetsa mu kafukufuku wawo wofalitsidwa mu Kuphunzira kwa Springer ndi Makhalidwe kuti agalu alidi bwenzi lapamtima la munthu ndipo ndi zolengedwa zachifundo kwambiri ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha anthu ndipo amathamangira kukatonthoza eni ake akazindikira kuti eni ake aumunthu ali m'mavuto. Ofufuza adachita zoyeserera zingapo kuti amvetsetse momwe agalu amasonyezera chifundo kwa eni ake. Pakuyesa kumodzi mwa zoyeserera zambiri, gulu la eni agalu 34 ndi agalu awo akulu akulu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana adasonkhanitsidwa ndipo eni ake adafunsidwa kulira kapena kung'ung'uza nyimbo. Zinkachitika kamodzi pagulu lililonse la agalu ndi agalu pamene onse atakhala modutsa mzipinda zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi chitseko chagalasi choonekera pakati chothandizidwa ndi maginito atatu kuti athe kutsegula mosavuta. Ochita kafukufuku anaweruza mosamala momwe galu amachitira komanso kugunda kwa mtima wawo (zamoyo) poyeza zoyezera kugunda kwa mtima. Zinkawoneka kuti pamene eni ake 'akulira' kapena kufuula kuti “thandizo” ndipo agalu amva kulira kwachisoni kumeneku, anatsegula chitseko mofulumira katatu kuti aloŵe ndi kupereka chitonthozo ndi chithandizo ndipo makamaka “kupulumutsa” eni ake aumunthu. Izi zikufanana kwambiri ndi pamene eni ake ankangong’ung’udza nyimbo ndipo ankaoneka osangalala. Kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zidalembedwa, agalu adayankha mkati mwa masekondi a 24.43 pomwe eni ake adanamizira kuti ali ndi nkhawa poyerekeza ndi kuyankha kwa masekondi 95.89 pomwe eni ake adawoneka okondwa kwinaku akung'ung'udza nyimbo za ana. Njirayi imatengedwa kuchokera ku "trapped other" paradigm yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro ambiri okhudza makoswe.
Ndizosangalatsa kukambirana chifukwa chake agalu amatsegulabe chitseko pomwe eni ake amangong'ung'uza ndipo panalibe vuto lililonse. Izi zikusonyeza kuti khalidwe la agalu silinangochokera ku chifundo koma linasonyezanso kufunika kocheza ndi anthu komanso chidwi chofuna kudziwa zomwe zili pakhomo. Agalu omwe adawonetsa kuyankha mwachangu potsegula chitseko anali ndi nkhawa zochepa. Miyezo ya kupsinjika maganizo idadziwika pozindikira mzere wopita patsogolo popanga miyeso yoyambira. Izi ndizomveka komanso zokhazikika m'maganizo kuti agalu adzayenera kuthana ndi mavuto awo kuti achitepo kanthu (pano, kutsegula chitseko). Izi zikutanthauza kuti agalu amapondereza malingaliro awo ndikuchita chifundo m'malo mwa kuyang'ana pa eni ake aumunthu. Chochitika chofananachi chimawonekera mwa ana ndipo nthawi zina akuluakulu pamene akuyenera kuthana ndi nkhawa zawozawo kuti athe kuthandiza wina. Kumbali ina, agalu amene sanatsegule chitseko n’komwe ankasonyeza zizindikiro zoonekeratu za kuvutika maganizo mwa iwo monga kupuma pang’onopang’ono kapena kuyenda pang’onopang’ono zimene zinasonyeza nkhaŵa yawo ponena za mkhalidwe wokhudza munthu amene amam’kondadi. Ofufuza akugogomezera kuti izi ndi khalidwe lachibadwa komanso losadetsa nkhawa chifukwa agalu, monga anthu, amatha kusonyeza chifundo mosiyanasiyana nthawi ina. Pakuyesa kwina, ochita kafukufuku adasanthula kuyang'ana kwa agalu kwa eni ake kuti adziwe zambiri za ubalewo.
Pazoyeserera zomwe zidachitika, agalu 16 mwa 34 anali agalu ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso agalu olembetsedwa "othandizira". Komabe, agalu onse ankachita mofananamo mosasamala kanthu kuti anali agalu otumikira kapena ayi, kapena ngakhale msinkhu wawo kapena mtundu wawo zinalibe kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti agalu onse amasonyeza makhalidwe ofanana a anthu ndi nyama, kungoti agalu ochiritsira apeza luso lochulukirapo pamene amalembetsa ngati agalu ogwira ntchito ndipo lusoli limapereka kumvera kusiyana ndi maganizo. Chotsatirachi chimakhala ndi tanthauzo lamphamvu pa muyeso womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha ndi kuphunzitsa agalu opereka chithandizo. Akatswiri amatha kuweruza kuti ndi makhalidwe ati omwe ali ofunika kwambiri kuti apange kusintha kwachirengedwe popanga ma protocol osankhidwa.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa chidwi chachikulu cha canines ku malingaliro ndi malingaliro a anthu momwe amawonekera kuti akuwona kusintha kwamalingaliro amunthu. Kuphunzira kotereku kumapititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwathu chifundo cha canine ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zingakhale zosangalatsa kukulitsa kukula kwa ntchitoyi kuti mupitirize maphunziro a ziweto zina monga amphaka, akalulu kapena mbalame zotchedwa parrots. Kuyesera kumvetsetsa momwe agalu amaganizira ndi kuchita kungatipatse poyambira kuti timvetsetse momwe chifundo ndi chifundo zimasinthira ngakhale mwa anthu zomwe zimawapangitsa kuchita zinthu mwachifundo pazovuta. Ikhoza kutithandiza kufufuza momwe tingayankhire mwachifundo komanso kuwongolera kumvetsetsa kwathu mbiri ya chisinthiko cha nyama zoyamwitsa - anthu ndi agalu.
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Kasupe (s)
Sanford EM et al. 2018. Timmy ali pachitsime: Kumvera chisoni komanso kuthandiza agalu. Kuphunzira & Makhalidwe. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-018-0332-3
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