Kuphunzira kwa Andromeda kolembedwa ndi Vera Rubin kunatithandiza kudziwa zambiri zokhudza milalang’amba, zomwe zinachititsa kuti tipeze zinthu zakuda komanso kusintha kamvedwe ka zinthu zakuthambo. Kukumbukira izi, NASA yatulutsa zithunzi zingapo zatsopano za Andromeda kapena M31 galaxy polemekeza cholowa chake.
Zomwe zili mu Local Group (LG) zomwe zili ndi milalang'amba yopitilira 80, mlalang'amba wa Andromeda (wotchedwanso Messier 31 kapena M 31) ndi mlalang'amba wathu wapanyumba wa Milky Way (MW) ndi milalang'amba yayikulu yolekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wa zaka 2.5 miliyoni za kuwala. Ndi milalang'amba yozungulira yokha yomwe imawoneka ndi maso kotero yakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa akatswiri a zakuthambo. Kuphatikizidwa mu Milky Way kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuziwerenga motero akatswiri a zakuthambo amadalira Andromeda kuti aphunzire kamangidwe ndi kusinthika kwa chilengedwe chathu. galaxy yakunyumba.
M’zaka za m’ma 1960, katswiri wa zakuthambo Vera Rubin anaphunzira za Andromeda ndi milalang’amba ina. Iye anaona kuti nyenyezi zimene zili m’mbali za kunja kwa milalang’ambayo zinkazungulira mofulumira kwambiri ngati mmene nyenyezi zimayendera polowera chapakati. Zikatero, mlalang'ambawo umayenera kuwulukira padera pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zomwe zawonedwa, komabe sizili choncho. Izi zinatanthauza kuti payenera kukhala zinthu zina zosaoneka zimene zimasunga milalang’amba pamodzi ndi kuichititsa kuzungulira liŵiro lapamwamba chotero. Chinthu chosaonekacho ankachitcha kuti “dark matter”. Miyezo ya Vera Rubin ya ma curve ozungulira a Andromeda idapereka umboni wakale kwambiri wa zinthu zakuda ndikusintha tsogolo la physics.
Kuphunzira kwa Andromeda kolembedwa ndi Vera Rubin kunatithandiza kudziwa zambiri zokhudza milalang’amba, zomwe zinachititsa kuti tipeze zinthu zakuda komanso kusintha kamvedwe ka zinthu zakuthambo. Kukumbukira izi, NASA yatulutsa zithunzi zingapo zatsopano za Andromeda kapena M31 galaxy polemekeza cholowa cha Vera. Chithunzi chophatikizikacho chili ndi chidziwitso cha mlalang'amba wotengedwa ndi ma telesikopu osiyanasiyana mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala.
X-ray: NASA/CXO/UMass/Z. Li & QD Wang, ESA/XMM-Newton; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE, Spitzer, NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Gordon (U. Az), ESA/Herschel, ESA/Planck, NASA/IRAS, NASA/COBE; Wailesi: NSF/GBT/WSRT/IRAM/C. Clark (STScI); Ultraviolet: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GALEX; Optical: Andromeda, Unexpected © Marcel Drechsler, Xavier Strottner, Yann Sainty & J. Sahner, T. Kottary. Kukonza zithunzi zamagulu: L. Frattare, K. Arcand, J.Major
Pazithunzi zosiyanasiyana za sipekitiramu imodzi, Andromeda imawoneka yathyathyathya, ngati milalang'amba yonse yomwe imawonedwa patali ndi ngodya iyi. Mikono yake yozungulira imazungulira pachimake chowala, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a disk. Pachithunzi chilichonse, mlalang'amba wapafupi uwu wachibale ndi njira yamkaka ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mawonekedwe, koma mitundu ndi tsatanetsatane ndizosiyana kwambiri zomwe zimawulula zatsopano. Pazithunzi zambiri, malo athyathyathya a mlalang’ambawu amapendekeka kuti ayang’ane kumtunda kwathu kumanzere.
| Sipekitiramu imodzi zithunzi | Zithunzi za M31 zidawululidwa | Magwero azidziwitso |
| X-ray | Palibe mikono yozungulira yomwe ilipo pachithunzi cha X-ray. Ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri omwe amawonekera mozungulira dzenje lakuda lomwe lili pakatikati pa M31 komanso zinthu zina zazing'ono zazing'ono komanso zothina zomwe zafalikira mumlalang'ambawu. | NASA's Chandra ndi ESA's XMM-Newton Space X-ray Observatories. (zoyimira zofiira, zobiriwira, ndi zabuluu) |
| Ultraviolet (UV) | Mikono yozungulira imawoneka ngati buluu wozizira komanso woyera, ndi mpira woyera wakuda pakatikati. | GALEX wopuma wa NASA (buluu) |
| kuwala | Chifaniziro chakuda ndi imvi, mikono yozungulira imawoneka ngati mphete zautsi zozimiririka. Kuda kwa mlengalenga kuli ndi timadontho towala, ndipo kadontho kakang'ono kowala kumawala pakatikati pa mlalang'ambawu. | Ma telescopes oyambira pansi (Jakob Sahner ndi Tarun Kottary) |
| Infrared (IR) | Mphete yoyera yozungulira imazungulira pakati pa buluu wokhala ndi kachingwe kakang'ono kagolide, manja akunja akuyaka moto. | Spitzer Space Telescope yopuma pantchito ya NASA, Infrared Astronomy Satellite, COBE, Planck, ndi Herschel (yofiira, lalanje, ndi yofiirira) |
| wailesi | Mikono yozungulira imawoneka yofiira ndi yalalanje, ngati chingwe choyaka, chopindika momasuka. Pakatikati amawoneka akuda, osazindikirika pakati. | Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (yofiira-lalanje) |
Pachifanizo chophatikizika, mikono yozungulira ndi mtundu wa vinyo wofiira pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwakunja, ndi lavender pafupi ndi pakati. Pakatikati pake ndi yayikulu komanso yowala, yozunguliridwa ndi gulu la tinthu tating'ono ta buluu ndi zobiriwira. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamitundu yosiyanasiyana timakhala ta mlalang'ambawo, ndi mdima wa mlengalenga wouzungulira.
Zosonkhanitsa zimenezi zimathandiza akatswiri a zakuthambo kumvetsa mmene milalang’amba ya Milky Way, yomwe tikukhalamo, inasinthira.
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Sources:
- Nkhani ya zithunzi za NASA - Chandra wa NASA Agawana Mawonedwe Atsopano a Mnansi Wathu wa Galactic. Yolembedwa pa 25 June 2025. Ipezeka pa https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-chandra-shares-a-new-view-of-our-galactic-neighbor/
- Rubin Observatory. Kodi Vera Rubin anali ndani? Likupezeka pa https://rubinobservatory.org/about/vera-rubin
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