Bulgaria yatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi malo akale kwambiri Europe chifukwa anthu kukhalapo chifukwa cha umboni womwe ulipo wasayansi wogwiritsa ntchito kupenda kolondola kwambiri kwa kaboni komanso kusanthula kwa mapuloteni ndi DNA kuchokera ku homimin zomwe zidakumbidwa kuphanga la Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria. Kusanthula kwa data kukuwonetsa kuti zotsalirazo ndi zaka 47000 ndipo zinali za Homo sapiens.
Is Bulgaria wakale likulu la anthu kusanduka in Europe? Inde, malingana ndi kupezeka kwa umboni wasayansi pa kukhalapo kwa Homo sapiens wodziwika kale kwambiri Europe ndi nkhawa. Chitsimikizo chopeza mafupa akale kwambiri a Homo sapiens ku Europe tsopano chafotokozedwa m'mabuku asayansi.
Kufukula pamalo a Phanga la Bacho Kiro, pafupi ndi nyumba ya amonke ya Dryanovo (nyumba ya amonke yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za zana la 12) m'tawuni ya Dryanovo m'chigawo chapakati cha Bulgaria, kwatulutsa zakale kwambiri. anthu zotsalira zitha kupezeka mu Europe, kuyambira zaka 47,000.
Pafupifupi zaka 47,000 zapitazo, gulu la anthu ankakhala kuphanga la Bacho Kiro. Iwo ankakhala pa nyama monga njati, akavalo amtchire ndi zimbalangondo za m’mapanga. Phanga latulutsa zinthu zambiri zaluso monga mikanda ya njovu, zopendekera zopangidwa ndi mano a chimbalangondo cha mphanga, ndi zina zotero.
Kusanthula kwa morphological kwa dzino la molar kunawonetsa zake anthu chiyambi. Zina zonse za hominin sizikanatsimikiziridwa poyamba ngati zinali za anthu chifukwa zonse zinali zogawikana kwambiri moti sizingadziwike ndi maonekedwe. Chitsimikizocho chinachokera ku kusanthula kwa mapuloteni (pophunzira kutsatizana kwa amino acid mu tcheni cha polypeptide mu puloteni yotengedwa ku fupa) pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ochuluka a spectrometry. Ofufuzawa adagwiritsa ntchito accelerator mass spectrometer, yaposachedwa kwambiri mu kaboni yokhudzana ndi zofukulidwa zakale za hominin ndi nyama zomwe zidafukulidwa ndipo zidapanga mzere wolondola kwambiri wanthawi ya tsambali. Zaka za hominin zotsalira zinatsimikiziridwa zaka 47,000. Kusanthula kwa DNA ya mitochondrial yotengedwa ku dzino la molar ndi zidutswa za mafupa a hominin zimatsimikizira kuti zotsalirazo ndi zamakono. anthu.
Zotsatirazi zimapereka umboni wakale kwambiri anthu kupezeka mu Europe m'mapanga apakati pa Bulgaria ndikukhazikitsa Bulgaria ngati malo akale kwambiri apakati anthu kukhala mu Europe.
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Sources:
1. Gibbons A., 2020. Mafupa akale kwambiri a Homo sapiens omwe amapezeka mu Europe. Sayansi 15 Meyi 2020: Vol. 368, Gawo 6492, tsamba 697 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6492.697
2. Hublin, J., Sirakov, N., 2020. Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria. Chilengedwe (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2259-z
3. Fewlass, H., Talamo, S. et al. 2020. Mndandanda wa 14C wa kusintha kwa Middle to Upper Palaeolithic ku Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria. Nature Ecology & Evolution (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1136-3
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