Poizoni Wotsogolera mu Chakudya kuchokera ku Aluminiyamu ndi Brass Cookware 

Zotsatira za mayeso zasonyeza kuti zophikira zina za aluminiyamu ndi zamkuwa zimatulutsa lead (Pb) kuchokera muzophika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika chakudya. Mtovu ndi wowopsa kwa anthu chifukwa chake chakudya chokhala ndi mtovu wochuluka sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ku USA, FDA yachenjeza za kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zophikira zopangidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu, mkuwa, ndi aloyi za aluminiyamu zopangidwa ndi mayunitsi ena m'maiko opeza ndalama zapakatikati (LMICs) omwe ali ndi muyezo komanso kuwongolera kocheperako. Umboni ukusonyeza kuti zitsulo zachikhalidwe padziko lonse lapansi zikhoza kukhala ndi milingo yambiri ya mtovu. Anzanga, KM et al (2024) adawunika zophikira za aluminiyamu, zinthu zamkuwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika ndipo adapeza kuti zinthu zambiri zophikira za aluminiyamu ndi zamkuwa zili ndi magawo opitilira 100 miliyoni (ppm) a lead. Pansi pamikhalidwe yofananira, ambiri adaledzera Lead (Pb) kupitilira malire omwe amalimbikitsidwa. Kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi a Binkhorst G., et al (2025) adafufuza za kuthekera kotsogolera kuchokera ku miphika yophikira ya aluminiyamu m'maiko opeza ndalama zapakati (LMICs) ndipo adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa lead mumiphika yophikira kumakhala pafupifupi 1600 ppm ndipo kutsogolera kwathunthu komanso kutulutsa kunali kofanana. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazaumoyo wa anthu chifukwa zophikira zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.  

A FDA yachenjeza za kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zophikira zochokera kunja zopangidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu, mkuwa, ndi ma aluminiyamu aloyi atayesedwa atawonetsa kutsika kwa milingo yayikulu ya lead (Pb) muzakudya zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, zomwe zimapangitsa chakudya kukhala chosatetezeka. Mndandanda wazinthu zophikira zoterezi zaperekedwa, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito akulangizidwa kuti azitaya zinthu zoterezi. Ogwira nawo ntchito pazogulitsa zoterezi akulangizidwa kuti asiye kuchita ndi zinthu zoterezi.  

Mtovu ndi poizoni kwa anthu ndipo umakhudza anthu amisinkhu iliyonse. Ngakhale milingo yochepa ya mtovu ingayambitse mavuto aakulu a thanzi, makamaka kwa ana ndi akhanda. Ana ndi makanda amatha kutengeka ndi poizoni.  

Amadziwika kuti zitsulo zachikhalidwe padziko lonse lapansi zitha kukhala ndi milingo yayikulu kutsogolera, zomwe zimatha kulowa m'zakudya ndi zakumwa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera, kupereka kapena kusunga chakudya ndi zakumwa. Chaka chatha, mu Julayi 2024, kuyezetsa magazi ku New York City kudazindikira mayi woyembekezera ndi achibale awiri omwe ali ndi milingo yamagazi yoposa 3.5 µg/dL. Anagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa pokonzekera ndi kupereka chakudya ndi zakumwa.  

Kuti adziwe komwe amatsogolera, a Fellows, KM et al (2024) adawunika zophikira za aluminiyamu, zinthu zamkuwa ndi zinthu zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Zinapezeka kuti zophikira zambiri za aluminiyamu zinali ndi magawo opitilira 100 miliyoni (ppm) a lead. Munthawi yofananira yophikira ndi kusungirako, lead lead yambiri (Pb) yopitilira malire azakudya omwe akulimbikitsidwa. Miphika yophikira yamkuwa idawonetsanso zotsatira zofananira zomwe zimabweretsa milingo yayikulu. Mu kafukufukuyu, chochititsa chidwi, zophikira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zidakhala ndi lead zochepa poyerekeza ndi zinthu za aluminiyamu ndi zamkuwa.  

Amadziwika kuti zophikira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi mayunitsi ena m'maiko otsika ndi apakati (LMICs) zokhala ndi miyezo yochepa komanso zowongolera zimakhala ndi kutsogolera kwakukulu. Kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi a Binkhorst G., et al (2025) adafufuza zomwe zingachitike kuchokera ku miphika yophikira ya aluminiyamu m'maiko otsika ndi apakati. Kuwunika kwa miphika 113 yatsopano ya aluminiyamu kuchokera ku 25 LMICs kunawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa lead m'miphika kumayambira <5 ppm mpaka pafupifupi 16,000 ppm, pafupifupi 1600 ppm, yokhala ndi miphika yayikulu kwambiri yochokera ku Vietnam, Pakistan, Indonesia, ndi India. Kuchuluka kwa lead komwe kumatheka kumachokera ku <1-2900 μg/L pafupifupi 100 μg/L mutatha kuwira 4% asidi acetic kwa 2 h. Kuchulukirachulukira ndi kutulutsa kwamphamvu kunali kofanana. Miphika yophikira yopangidwa poponyedwa ndi leach molingana ndi mtovu wochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi mapoto ong'ambika opangidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu yokulungidwa. Kuchulukitsidwa kotereku kungapangitse kuti magazi achuluke kuposa 5 μg/dL mwa ana ndi akazi a msinkhu wobereka. Chitsimikizo cha kuchuluka kwa lead mu zophikira ndizofunika kwambiri kuti anthu athandizirepo.   

*** 

Zothandizira:  

1. FDA Yatulutsa Chenjezo Lokhudza Zophikira Zochokera kunja Zomwe Zingatsogolere. Ikupezeka pa 13 Ogasiti 2025.Ipezeka pa https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/fda-issues-warning-about-imported-cookware-may-leach-lead-august-2025 

2. Hore P, Alex-Oni K, Sedlar S, Bardhi N, Ehrlich J. Magazi Okwera Kwambiri M'mayi Oyembekezera ndi Banja Lake kuchokera ku Traditional Kansa (Bronze) ndi Pital (Brass) Metalware - New York City, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2025; 74:298–301 . 22 Meyi 2025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7418a1 

3. Anzathu, KM, Samy, S. & Whittaker, SG Kuwunika zophikira zitsulo ngati gwero la chiwonetsero cha lead. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 35, 342–350 (2025). DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00686-7 

4. Binkhorst G., et al 2025. Kuwonekera kwa lead kuchokera ku miphika yophikira ya aluminiyamu m'maiko otsika ndi apakati. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Vol. 492, 15 July 2025, 138134. DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138134  

***