Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD), adapezeka koyamba mu 1996 ku United Kingdom, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE kapena matenda a 'mad cow') ndi Matenda a Zombie Deer kapena Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) zomwe panopa zili m'nkhani zili ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - zomwe zimayambitsa matenda atatuwa si mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi koma mapuloteni 'opunduka' otchedwa 'prions'.
Prions amapatsirana kwambiri ndipo amayambitsa matenda oopsa, osachiritsika a neurodegenerative pakati pa nyama (BSE ndi CWD) ndi anthu (vCJD).
| Kodi Prion ndi chiyani? Mawu akuti 'prion' ndi chidule cha 'proteinaceous infectious particle'. Prion Protein Gene (PRNP) imayika a mapuloteni amatchedwa prion protein (PrP). Mwa munthu, jini ya prion protein PRNP ilipo mu chromosome nambala 20. Mapuloteni abwinobwino a prion amapezeka pa cell surface motero amatchulidwa kuti PrP.C. 'Proteinaceous infectious particle' yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa prion ndi mtundu wolakwika wa prion protein PrP.C ndipo imatchedwa PrPSc (Sc chifukwa ndi mawonekedwe a scrapie kapena mawonekedwe achilendo okhudzana ndi matenda omwe adapezeka mu matenda a scrapie mu nkhosa). Pakupanga mapangidwe apamwamba komanso apamwamba, nthawi zina, pamakhala zolakwika ndipo mapuloteni amasokonekera kapena kupangidwa molakwika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa ndikuwongoleredwa ku mawonekedwe oyamba omwe amapangidwa ndi ma molekyulu a chaperone. Ngati mapuloteni osokonekera sakonzedwa, amatumizidwa ku proteinolysis ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonongeka. Komabe, mapuloteni a prion osokonekera amatsutsana ndi proteinolysis ndipo amakhalabe osasinthika ndikusintha mapuloteni abwinobwino a prion PrP.C kukhala abnormal scrapie form PrPSc kumayambitsa matenda a proteopathy ndi kusokonekera kwa ma cell komwe kumayambitsa matenda angapo amisempha mwa anthu ndi nyama. The scrapie pathological form (PrPSc) ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mapuloteni abwinobwino a prion (PrPC). Mapuloteni abwinobwino a prion ali ndi 43% alpha helices ndi 3% beta sheet pomwe mawonekedwe achilendo a scrapie ali ndi 30% alpha helices ndi 43% beta sheet. Kupambana kwa PrPSc ku protease enzyme kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa masamba a beta. |
Matenda Owonongeka Kwambiri (CWD), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Matenda a zombie deer ndi matenda oopsa a neurodegenerative omwe amakhudza nyama za khomo lachiberekero kuphatikiza nswala, mbawala, mphalapala, sikagwape ndi mphalapala. Zinyama zomwe zakhudzidwa zimawonongeka kwambiri ndi minofu yomwe imayambitsa kuwonda ndi zizindikiro zina za neurologic.
Kuchokera pamene anapeza kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, CWD yafalikira ku mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ndi Poland), North America (USA ndi Canada) ndi Asia (South Korea).
Palibe mtundu umodzi wa CWD prion. Mitundu khumi yosiyanasiyana imadziwika mpaka pano. Mitundu ya nyama ku Norway ndi North America ndi yosiyana, momwemonso mtundu wa mphalapala wa ku Finland. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yatsopanoyi ikuyembekezeka kuwonekera mtsogolo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kufotokozera ndi kuchepetsa matendawa mu chiberekero.
CWD prion ndi yopatsirana kwambiri yomwe ndi nkhani yokhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chiberekero komanso thanzi la anthu.
Palibe mankhwala kapena katemera omwe alipo.
Matenda Owonongeka Kwambiri (CWD) SIKUTI apezeka mwa anthu mpaka pano. Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti CWD prions imatha kupatsira anthu. Komabe, kafukufuku wa zinyama amasonyeza kuti nyama zomwe sizili anthu zomwe zimadya (kapena, zimakumana ndi ubongo kapena madzi a m'thupi) nyama zomwe zili ndi CWD zili pangozi.
Pali nkhawa yokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa CWD prions kwa anthu, makamaka chifukwa chodya nyama yagwape kapena nswala. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti izi zisalowe mwa munthu chakudya tcheni.
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Zothandizira:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Matenda Owonongeka Kwambiri (CWD). Likupezeka pa https://www.cdc.gov/prions/cwd/index.html
- Atkinson CJ Et al 2016. Prion protein scrapie ndi mapuloteni abwinobwino a prion. Prion. 2016 Jan-Feb; 10(1): 63–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2015.1110293
- Dzuwa, JL, Et al 2023. Novel Prion Strain monga Chomwe Chimayambitsa Matenda Owonongeka Kwambiri mu Mphalapala, Finland. Matenda Oyambitsa Matenda, 29 (2), 323-332. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2902.220882
- Otero A., Et al 2022. Kuwonekera kwa zovuta za CWD. Ma cell Tissue Res 392, 135–148 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-022-03688-9
- Mathiason, CK Zitsanzo zazikulu za nyama zowononga matenda osatha. Cell Tissue Res 392, 21–31 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-022-03590-4
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, which is also known as Zombie deer disease is fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting cervid animals including deer, elk, reindeer, sika deer and moose. The affected animals suffer drastic muscle wasting leading to weight loss and other neurologic symptoms.){kind=link}